자율신경계 [내 몸 둘러보기]

서울아산병원 November 21, 2016
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📢 앞선 의술, 더 큰 사랑을 실천하는 서울아산병원 공식 유튜브 채널입니다. ✅ 본 채널의 모든 영상은 교육 목적의 콘텐츠로서 무료로 시청이 가능합니다.   무단으로 상업적 이용 및 도용은 금지하며, 콘텐츠 제공 문의는 아래 링크를 참조해 주십시오. ✅ 유튜브 및 그 외 온라인 채널을 통한 의료 조언, 진찰 및 진단, 원격 진료 등의 의료 서비스를 제공하지 않습니다. ✅ 영상의 내용을 토대로 한 자가 치료나 약물 복용은 삼가주시기 바라며,   질환 발생 시 반드시 의료기관이나 의사와 상담하여 진료를 받으시기 바랍니다.

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자율신경계 [내 몸 둘러보기] 내 안의 또 다른 나, 자율신경계 늦은 밤, 어두운 골목길에 누군가 뒤에서 따라오는 듯한 발소리가 들립니다. 손에 땀이 나면서, 가슴이 두근거리고 입안에는 침이 마르게 되는데요. 공포스럽고 불안한 상황일 때, 우리 몸에선 여러 변화가 나타납니다. 바로 ‘자율신경계’ 때문인데요. 우리의 의지와 상관없이 작동한다고 해서 이름 붙여진 자율신경계!! 우리 몸에서 어떤 기능을 하는지 자세히 알아보겠습니다. 자율신경계는 우리 몸의 기능을 자율적으로 조절하는 신경계로, 호르몬 분비, 혈액순환, 호흡, 소화 및 배설과 같은 여러 활동을 조절해 항상성을 유지해 주며, 이러한 기능은 반사적이고 무의식적이기 때문에 우리는 이것을 인식하지 못합니다. 대뇌 아래쪽의 간뇌, 뇌줄기, 척수에서 분지하여 각종 내장 기관과 혈관에 분포되어 있는 자율신경계는 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나눌 수 있습니다. 그렇다면 이 자율신경계는 어떻게 반응하는 걸까요? 다른 신경과 마찬가지로, 신경전달물질에 의해 신호가 전달돼 몸을 움직이게 하는데요. 이러한 신경전달물질은 신경과 신경 사이 공간인 시냅스를 통해 신호를 전달하고 수용체에 이르러 그 효과를 발휘합니다. 교감 신경은 공포스럽거나, 응급 상황일 때, 어떤 위협에도 우리가 빠르고 강하게 대응할 수 있도록 최상의 몸 상태를 만들어 냅니다. 교감 신경이 활성화되면 우리 몸에서는 심장 근육을 자극해 심장 박동을 증가시키고 혈관을 수축시켜 혈압을 높임으로써 뇌, 심장, 근육으로 혈액을 더 많이 공급합니다. 또한 기관지를 이완시켜 더 많은 산소가 몸에 공급되게 하고 땀 분비를 증가시켜 피부가 차고 축축해지게 하며 눈의 동공은 커지게 해 줍니다. 또, 간에 저장된 글리코겐을 분해해서 혈당을 높이고 소화기관으로 가는 혈류를 억제해 소화기능을 억제시킵니다. 부교감 신경은 스트레스가 없는 편안한 상황일 때, 활성화하는 신경으로, 가능하면 신체의 에너지를 최소한으로 이용하여 체내에 에너지를 최대한 보존할 수 있도록 해줍니다. 부교감 신경은 몸을 이완시키고 소화 기관의 반응을 빠르게 하여 몸이 편안히 안정되도록 해주고 에너지를 절약, 저장하는 작용을 합니다. 즉, 긴장 상태에 있던 몸을 평상시 상태로 되돌려 주는데요. 혈압, 심박수, 호흡수를 정상보다 낮추고, 소화 기관의 활동을 증가시키며, 소화액과 침 분비를 촉진시키고 동공을 축소시킵니다. 맛있는 음식을 볼 때 침이 고이고, 사랑받는 느낌이 들 때 편안해지며, 밥을 먹고 나면 졸리고, 명상하거나 휴식을 취할 때 심신이 안정되는 것은 바로 부교감 신경이 활성화되기 때문입니다. 자율신경 이상으로 인한 건강 문제는 누구에게나 일어날 수 있습니다. 자주 발생하는 증상으로는 몸이 무겁고 잠자리에서 일어나기가 어려우며 손발이 차고 일어서면 어지럽거나 두통이 있습니다. 또한 쉽게 피로하고 가슴이 두근거리며 불면증, 변비, 설사, 식욕부진 등의 증상이 나타나게 됩니다. 이러한 증상들은 과도한 스트레스나 육체적인 피로에 의해 유발되는 경우가 많은데요. 스트레스를 최대한 줄이고 휴식을 취하며 필요한 경우 상담 치료, 약물 치료 등을 통해 증상을 완화시킬 수 있습니다.

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