卖到“天价”的乌木到底是什么?它凭什么卖这么贵?

星球课堂 March 23, 2021
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俗话说:家有乌木半方,胜过财宝一箱,可见这乌木是一种多么珍贵的木材。那么这乌木到底是何物?它是怎样形成的?其实乌木是川人对阴沉木的俗称。有些知情人士知道,这阴沉木在古代人眼里是极为罕见的珍宝,一般只有帝王才能够享用。民间俗民基本无权享用。 现在对乌木而言,市场上有以下两种主流说法,其一是红木国际中规定的乌木,另一种则是指阴沉木,但要注意,国际中所指的乌木和阴沉木之间没有丝毫的关联。说起来,这阴沉木不仅兼顾了木的古雅,另外还有着石的神韵,素有东方神木一称。他们是地震、洪水等自然灾害将地面上的植物或生物等埋入古河床等低洼处后,这些被埋入淤泥中的一些树就会在缺氧、高压的状态下外加细菌等微生物的影响下,经成千上万年的碳化过程后形成的,这样的乌木也称炭化木。 阴沉木这种东西,正因常年沉泡在水里的缘故,导致他们一般来说总是浑身漆黑。所以四川民间里就普遍将其称为乌木,这种乌木无论何种树种,只要符合条件,经过炭化都可称为乌木。换而言之,这种被称为阴沉木的乌木并非一种木材,它的范围很广,形成条件很复杂,以至于阴沉木有着众多的原木种类,其中常见的包括青杠,麻柳,香樟,红椿,楠木这五种。那国际中的乌木与所谓的阴沉木的乌木究竟有什么容易区分的特点呢? 鉴别这种木材,人们或许需要从木材的属性着手,比方说国际乌木的特点很好记,它的生长轮不太明显。心材皆乌黑,浅色条纹也显得尤为罕见。而阴沉木乌木属于名副其实的炭化木。树身多为全身乌黑,一般来说年限越久,它的炭化程度也就越高,毕竟前面也提到了它的形成比较特殊,时间也很长,这一过程不仅改变了原来木材的物理性能,还将原木材的内在脂肪、糖类等都被水吃得一干二净,还顺带清除了蛀虫,细菌的生存空间。由于他被水底的泥沙腐蚀的丝丝缕缕,故而在肌理上具备了美感,使得他们的形态各有千秋。得益于这些因素才使得乌木有着不变形,密度高,分量重的特征并且不会被虫蛀。从外观上来看,阴沉木有点像被烤过的焦炭。不同的是那种黑色十分奇特,他的色泽也千差万别,整体更接近深色,但色差明显。通常来说,这类木材主要生长在热带非洲,南亚,东南亚地区。外形与紫檀较为相似,民间还一度将其称为黑檀,那为什么他们总能卖出天价呢? 有人说这是因为他们多数为空心,故而难以出大料。从另一方面来看,这些看上去黑乎乎的乌木。没有黄花梨或是红木般的美丽花纹,导致市场反应大体上显得十分冷淡,这里简单科普一下。这种乌木普遍存在一个现象,也就是大小裂纹。这就导致人们大多数情况下只会将他拿来制作小件工艺品,很少会有大件家具流传出来。所以无论是从用料用量还是需求保养,甚至是传统文化等方面。这些都使得阴沉木做出来的家具显得格外珍贵,再者加上乌木是种不可再生资源,从开发量上来谈,它却是越来越少,从而使得一些天然造型的乌木艺术品也具有了不小的收藏价值。 通常来说,货真价实的乌木都有香味,另外还有杀菌这一特征,并非所有已经形成的阴沉木都具有香味,这一点还需根据形成的树种来看,相比之下,千年的沉淀,如此长的时间,让人类辨别这种乌木变得不再简单。你想想真正的乌木,他们需要在特定的地下水,土等自然条件下外加适应的矿物质的环境下才能形成,而且木材本身就含有一定水量,还有桉树油等天然防腐剂,这才使得它能深埋千万年而不腐。因此被人类称为植物木乃伊,这意味着乌木的形成年代和其价值需要行家的经验,也更需要依靠同位素等科学手段检测才可确定。他们因树种的不同导致市场价值有所不同,最出名的大概是以楠木属的金丝楠木最昂贵,价格约为8-15万元每立方,并且是年代越久,保存越完好,价格就相对越高。 桢楠是这一门类中品质最高的。但问题是,只有直径超过80公分,树龄达到500年以上的桢楠才被称为真正的金丝楠。你可能还不知道,有的专家们说金丝楠木,千年不朽,万年不腐,这种说法其实严格来说是不科学的。因为这句话仅仅是指那些被深埋的地下的金丝楠木阴沉木,相比之下那些暴露在空气中的金丝楠木的木料可就未必不会腐烂了。一旦经过雨淋或是太阳暴晒,时阴时干干,就会导致他最终同样是朽木不可凋也。最难得的是即便是经过炭化,金丝楠乌木也具备了原木的部分特征,而且具有光泽的金丝木纹,木质十分细腻且柔滑。 乌木还有着不可小视的科学研究价值,对于专门研究地球的气温,气压,空气和地质变化的专家们而言,乌木无疑是活化石。此前就有位考古学家通过三星堆里的乌木复原了那一时期的生存环境。还直接破译出了三星堆出土的大量大象牙之谜。 实时更新,欢迎订阅!Real-time updates. Subscribe!▶https://bit.ly/2OTGNDJ 🎥科普星球课堂热门视频🔥 💡科普星球课堂科普系列▶https://bit.ly/3tO7kku 📘科普星球课堂读书系列▶https://bit.ly/2OTGNDJ ============= 【汽油发动机和柴油发动机有何区别?为何说柴油机比汽油机更安全?】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dg48bTHGJBE&t=19s 【三星堆又有新发现!神秘莫测的黄金面具,到底有何独特之处?】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsayJuERjYU 带您探索宇宙科普天文知识,尽在星球课堂~Take you to explore the universe science astronomy knowledge, in the planet class.~ #科普星球课堂#科普分享知识#科学科普#有趣科普#有趣的知识

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