知ったら眠れない!徳川家康が豊臣一族を根絶やしにした理由とは?!

拙者の出番じゃ! November 10, 2023
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豊臣秀吉は死の間際、徳川家康へ五大老と五奉行に力を合わせて豊臣秀頼を支えてほしいと頼みました。しかし、徳川家康は豊臣秀吉の遺言を無視し、大名同士の結婚を行うなど好き勝手な行動をとります。当初、朝鮮出兵以降対立が悪化していた武断派と文治派の間を前田利家が取り持っていましたが、彼が亡くなるとついに関ヶ原の戦いが勃発します。関ヶ原の戦いでは、徳川家康が石田三成を撃破し、1603年に征夷大将軍となります。これによって、江戸幕府が開かれ江戸時代が始まるのです。 関ヶ原の戦い以降も、豊臣家は関白として公家のトップの権力を誇っていました。これを二重公儀体制論といいます。徳川家康は征夷大将軍として武家のトップの権力を持ち、権力が並存していた状態を指す言葉です。関ヶ原の戦いで勝利した家康は、あくまで豊臣家の家臣団でトップでありました。徳川家康は福島正則や黒田長政、山内一豊らを西国へ移封すると、東国に徳川家の家臣を配置し支配します。 関白職は、豊臣秀次が自害した後、一時的に九条兼孝が持っていましたが、豊臣秀頼が大人になるまでのものだったと考えられます。徳川家康は豊臣家との結びつきを強めるため、孫娘の千姫を豊臣家へ嫁がせました。また、徳川家康の心配事の一つは、将軍職を譲った徳川秀忠でした。彼は、天下分け目の戦いである関ヶ原の戦いに遅刻して参加できておらず、征夷大将軍としての権威が示せないと考えたのです。武田信玄があれほど強かったにもかかわらず、没後すぐに武田家が滅亡したのは、有能な後継者がいなかったからだと家康は考えていました。 後陽成天皇が譲位する儀式を行うため、二条城で会見が行われた際には、浅野幸長や加藤清正、福島正則の進言により豊臣秀頼も参加しています。そこで、家康の方が立場が上だと表向きに示されます。また、会見後に次々と豊臣家の有力な家臣が亡くなったこと、儒学者の林羅山からもらった助言、「国家安康」「君臣豊楽」と書かれた方広寺鐘銘事件がきっかけで、遂に徳川家康は豊臣家を滅亡させる決意をするのです。事件後、片桐且元が以心崇伝へ弁明に行くも決して許されることはありませんでした。 その後、大坂の陣(大坂冬の陣・大坂夏の陣)では真田信繁(真田幸村)の活躍で豊臣軍が善戦するも、最終決戦「天王寺・岡山の戦い」で豊臣家は徳川家康に敗北します。淀殿や大野治長らは最後まで豊臣秀頼の出陣について議論していましたが、気づいたころには徳川軍に大坂城本丸まで攻め込まれていたのです。 このように、徳川家康が豊臣一族を根絶やしにするまでの経緯をぜひ一緒に見ていきましょう! 関連動画↓ https://youtu.be/VPzXimElXxg?si=cNyQ4nnPcUEfIG1C https://youtu.be/jWK4FdAq-Ic?si=E9TM00abFMNUF5PP https://youtu.be/uf0aTnEd-Hc?si=64mxsQcb6LurQ45Y https://youtu.be/QU07ulsdgz8?si=W8do8Z9tr8P2G-sZ https://youtu.be/cmuqc3Aibhk?si=Pnk2obBdvFHoNOQh https://youtu.be/RyW5NJh5Ye8?si=DhYAgpOtvp0MkpUj

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