電動車大戰關鍵在電池!特斯拉龍頭地位還穩嗎?

PanSci 泛科學 February 16, 2023
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PanSci 泛科學與你探索公眾議題中的科學、生活中的科學、科學新發現! 我們每週四五更新正片以及每天一則科學新聞shorts,如果你覺得內容還不錯,請幫忙分享,也非常歡迎透過加入泛糰、超級感謝等方式來鼓勵我們喔!

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想和我們有更多互動嗎?加入會員 ► https://lihi1.com/BWeoe 更正 01:23 應該更正為第一階段在35州的53,000英里(85,295公里)聯邦高速公路上建置充電樁,最終預計要建設的500,000座充電樁,則是包含偏遠地區的數字。 02:38 原子序應為1、3名,鋰的原子序為3 03:03 補充說明: 影片中我們只提到了常見以CR開頭的鈕扣式電池,其中的C代表此為鋰-二氧化錳電池(正極材料為二氧化錳),是一次性電池。實際上鈕扣電池細分好幾種,不同的英文編號,所代表的類型也不同。因此除了CR以外,不可充電的一次性電池包含BR、LR等開頭的鈕扣電池。 而以LIR、ML、VL等開頭的,是可充電式鈕扣電池。其中的LIR就是lithium ion rechargeable(可充電式鋰離子電池)的縮寫。 06:35 感謝網友指出,照片中所使用的4680-type電池並非磷酸鐵鋰電池而是三元電池,在資訊欄最下方完整說明。 00:00 特斯拉將迎來最大對手? 00:38 電動車版圖將被重新分割? 02:33 為何電動車電池都是鋰離子電池? 04:50 鋰離子電池還有好多種? 05:43 種類好多,告訴我最強的電池是誰就好! 06:45 馬斯克為何要選擇電容量低的磷酸鐵鋰電池? 07:54 鋰離子電池的極限 09:07 電池的能量密度能追上汽油嗎? 09:59 電動車市場的未來表現 // 延伸閱讀 // 2019年諾貝爾化學獎:他們開發出世界上最有力的電池 https://pansci.asia/archives/172068 儲能發展的關鍵未來:鋰離子電池的展望與課題──專訪台科大永續續能源發展中心黃炳照主任 https://pansci.asia/archives/318278 // 參考資料 // https://pansci.asia/archives/189173 https://case.ntu.edu.tw/blog/?p=34529 https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2131307 https://www.materialsnet.com.tw/DocView.aspx?id=45760 https://www.materialsnet.com.tw/DocView.aspx?id=51329 https://www.keyence.com.tw/ss/products/microscope/vhx-casestudy/electronics/lithium-ion-battery.jsp http://www.cie.org.tw/cms/JournalFiles/11109_chapter04.pdf https://www.thfcp.org.tw/xcindustry/cont?xsmsid=0L265415022626956988&sid=0M243372817405701583 https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/73884/battery-feb-23-mag https://ctee.com.tw/news/global/784820.html // 製作團隊 // 主持:泛科知識 #鄭國威知識長 企劃:謝富丞 腳本:謝富丞 剪輯:朱傳勝 ===== 06:35 特斯拉電池補充說明 特斯拉現在在電動車上使用的電池主要有幾種型號: 1865-type,鎳鈷鋁電池(NCA),主要供應商為Panosonic,2011年發表,最早搭載於Model S。 現在使用於Roadster、Model S、Model X,特斯拉未來將全面替換掉此電池。 2170-type,鎳鈷錳酸鋰三元電池(NCM),主要供應商為Panosonic,2017發表,最早搭載於Model3。 現在使用於Model3、Model Y 4680-type,鎳鈷錳酸鋰三元電池(NCM),2022年正式發表(最早於 2020/9「Battery Day」活動中發表),主要供應商為Panosonic,最早搭載於Model Y。 現在使用於Model Y prismatic-type,磷酸鐵鋰電池(LFP),主要供應商為CATL,最早搭載於中國生產的Model3及Model Y,與前三者外觀明顯不同的是前三者為圓柱狀,LFP為柱狀。 現在使用於Model3、Model Y 雖然看似四類,但子型號比想像中的複雜,例如根據長程、短程用途、前驅或是後驅、於哪個國家販售都會在原本的電池架構上做調整。例如於中國販售的Model Y Long Range,4680-type中將NCM換為NCMA鎳鈷錳鋁酸鋰四元電池。Model Y SR、SR+,相同車型下可能搭載Panosonic、LG生產的三元電池,也有可能搭載CATL生產的LFP電池。 我們整理下來,能確定的是,Model 3、Model Y使用的電池同時有Panosonic、LG、CAT在提供,根據子型號與銷售地不同,你開到是使用2170、4680或LFP都有可能。每種電池當然還有各自的加強版,整理起來真得頭昏眼花。甚至許多可能因為涉及機密,有幾款電池很難查證內部所使用的正極材料,期待有專業人士能幫忙整理、指出錯誤。 參考資料: https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/model-y-european-certification-documents-technical-data.236588/ https://insideevs.com/news/635844/tesla-4680-battery-cells-megapacks-lfp/ https://insideevs.com/news/587455/batteries-tesla-using-electric-cars/ https://www.electrive.com/2022/01/08/catl-delivers-first-lfp-cells-to-tesla-giga-shanghai/ https://ev-database.org/car/1320/Tesla-Model-3-Standard-Range-Plus-LFP

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