Alejandro Horowicz analiza historia y presente del peronismo

Canal Abierto October 15, 2021
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Por Diego Leonoff | En sus siete décadas de existencia, el peronismo osciló entre la centroizquierda y la derecha, sufrió los embates de los poderes fácticos y supo ser su mejor representante, fue irrupción de masas y movimiento vertical, gobernó y fue oposición, sufrió la proscripción y la persecución más terrible, enamoró y defraudó por igual. Este movimiento único en Latinoamérica ha tenido un rol protagónico y decisivo en la historia política argentina desde el 17 de octubre de 1945 -e incluso antes- hasta la fecha. Para entender aquella jornada fundacional -sus antecedentes, actores e intencionalidades, el contexto global- y el sello que dejó a su paso, Canal Abierto dialogó con el ensayista y docente universitario Alejandro Horowicz. En esta entrevista, el autor de “Los cuatro peronismos” reconstruye el pasado y lo pone en diálogo con debates de mayor actualidad: el sistema político argentino, la derrota electoral del Frente de Todos y algunas características de largo aliento del movimiento que transformó la historia de nuestro país. El 17 de octubre de 1945, ¿movimiento desde arriba o desde abajo? “Es imposible entender la política argentina contemporánea sin entender el peronismo” “Para que en historia algo sobreviva o perdure un rato largo, no puede tener sólo un orígen desde arriba. Para que en política algo tenga eficacia práctica y sostenida en el tiempo, no puede tener sólo una concepción desde abajo” “Una transformación revolucionaria supone revoluciones desde abajo complementadas con revoluciones desde arriba” “Todo movimiento popular es un movimiento reactivo, que reacciona contra el status quo” “El gobierno del golpe de 1943 encuentra que su única apoyatura social posible es el movimiento obrero, no porque se lo haya propuesto de ante mano sino porque el resto de los sectores le retacean apoyo” “Cuando sus camaradas de Campo de Mayo lo destituyen el 9 de octubre de 1945, Perón hace saludo uno, saludo dos y se va a su casa. De hecho, en la carta que le escribe a Evita el 13 de octubre queda claro que su idea era escribir un libro, casarse con ella e irse a criar chanchos a algún campo. Está claro que no tiene ninguna idea de que en el subsuelo de la patria rugía un movimiento” “El 17 de octubre no es un movimiento ejercido por Perón, sino de autodefensa de los trabajadores argentinos que veían amenazadas sus conquistas” Los antecedentes: el Plan Pinedo “A fines de la década del 30´, Pinedo entiende lo mismo que Keynes pero parado no en el centro del mercado económico global, sino en uno de los márgenes. Al momento en que esboza su plan, Pinedo -un conservador de orígen socialista- ya tiene una hipótesis sobre quien gana y quien pierde la guerra, y cómo se va a configurar el nuevo orden mundial. Y no era simplemente un plan personal” “La de Pinedo era una mirada económica muy aguda respecto de la necesidad del desarrollo del mercado interno, la del peronismo era una mirada en la misma línea pero con el foco puesto en lo social” Algunas características de largo aliento “Desde sus orígenes, en el peronismo podemos identificar virtudes, pero también limitaciones. Entre las virtudes, vemos la capacidad de establecer un grado de relativa autonomía política. En definitiva, el coronel Perón se plantea tres banderas que no son un chiste: independencia económica, soberanía política y justicia social” “Una de las limitaciones de origen del peronismo fue no escuchar nunca más que a su propia dirección. Esta nunca es una buena idea” El sistema político vigente “No creo que este sistema sea democrático, sino simplemente parlamentario. Es decir, se vota. Democrático sería un sistema que garantice las necesidades colectivas básicas. Un país con 50% de pobres no puede ser democrático” “Los liberales entiende que democrático es legal, yo entiendo que democrático es legítimo” “La idea de que hay un orden estático es una idea trivial: cuando no avanza la izquierda, avanza la derecha. Lo que no puede pasar, es que no pase nada: si hace falta una medida y el que la tiene que tomar no la toma, va a ser tironeado en dos direcciones al mismo tiempo” “Hoy vemos un corrimiento a la derecha porque no se enfrentan los problemas básicos y simplemente se construyen aspirinas electorales” “Poner platita en el bolsillo para una elección supone que los que reciben la plata son poco menos que idiotas” “En 2019 no se votó a Alberto Fernández y a Cristina Fernández para que hicieran ajuste, los votaron contra el ajuste. Ahora les están haciendo saber que para ajuste, mejor votar al partido del ajuste” Seguinos: - www.canalabierto.com.ar - www.facebook.com/CanalAbierto - https://twitter.com/canalabiertoar - instagram.com/canalabierto - WhatsApp: http://bit.ly/WhatsAppCanalAbierto #peronismo #alejandrohorowicz #historia

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