Antibiotic Resistance: How Humans Ruined Miracle Drugs

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Antibiotic resistance is possibly the biggest existential threat to humanity. What were the causes, how does it work, and what do we do about it? ☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️ 🔗 L I N K S 🔗 📱Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/patkellyteaches/ 💰Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/corporis 📚My favorite books https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing 🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑 Joanne K Sal F. Ansel K Anton Brandon K Pranav M Paul Brendan P Dane M Kristoffer R Jakub V Joe B Karly N Mindi F Drake W Kathy K Mike W Hyeon-Seo Jacob S. Robin B Robb W Sarah B Carl Dontae W Karen S Michael R Brian H Jonathan G Brian T Thelma S Silverstar Brian B Michael G Zoe C 📜 S O U R C E S 📜 Annotated script found here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/antibiotic-video-95558251 [Affiliate links] I get a commission if you decide to buy it through this link. Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics by William Rosen https://www.amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325 Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna Antibiotic Discovery and Resistance: The Chase and the Race (2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35203785/ *THIS ONE WAS GREAT* Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects (2021) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034121003403#bib0115 The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States (2017) https://www.nature.com/articles/ja201730 Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance (2010) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937522/ WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance FDA Fact Sheet https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-information-fda CDC Fact Sheet https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html CDC 2019 AMR report https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html The evolving response to antibiotic resistance (1945–2018) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0181-x Chain & Abraham Penicillinase (1940) https://www.nature.com/articles/146837a0 1945 Fleming Nobel Prize speech https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/fleming-lecture.pdf Ampicillin https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4080027/ Methicillin trial in BMJ (1960) https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2097972&blobtype=pdf Carbapanems https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195018/ Evolution of B-lactamase inhibitors (1991) https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4456082.pdf Animal Protein Factor by Jukes et al (1949) CC BY 4.0 DEED https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818566837 ON THE MECHANISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT CLONES OF SHIGELLA (1960) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1960.tb00170.x Swann Report (1969) https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cqvewh54 A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential (2012) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003335491212700103 Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0152-2 Staphylococcal Infection in Meat Animals and Meat Workers, Ravenholt (1961) https://www.jstor.org/stable/4591310 Study on genetic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum, the cephalosporin C producer (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640796/ A Glimpse of the early history of the cephalosporins (1979) https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4452284.pdf Celbenin resistant Staph (original MRSA paper - 1961) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1952888/pdf/brmedj02876-0102b.pdf MRSA in Boston City Hospital (1968) https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM196808292790901?url_ver=Z39.88-2003 Five decades of MRSA https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61566-3/fulltext Carbapnems: Past, Present, and Future https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195018/ Thienamycin to Imipenem (1983) https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-abstract/12/suppl_D/1/773528?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false FDA GFIs https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/guidance-regulations/guidance-industry GDI 213 FDA Document https://www.fda.gov/media/83488/download Use of Ichip for High-Throughput In Situ Cultivation of “Uncultivable” Microbial Species (2010) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849220/ Discovery of teixobaxtin (2015) https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14098 💻 C O N T A C T 💻 If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries: patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com ⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛ 0:00 Intro 0:58 Biology of Antibiotic Resistance 5:51 Human Use 16:24 Agriculture 26:41 Solutions