How Do We Know the Indo-European Languages Are Related?

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Get 51% off a premium subscription to WorldAnvil with code KHANUBIS at https://www.worldanvil.com/?c=Khanubis You probably already know that most of the languages of Europe, India, and Iran all belong to one massive family, the Indo-European languages, but at first glance some of these languages seem quite different, so how did linguists piece together this family? In fact, how do linguists know whether two languages are truly related or not? MUSIC: “Descending Mount Everest” by Trailer Worx “When Warriors Align” by Zauana “Far Over the Highlands” by Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen “Dusty Wheels” by Kikoru “The Search for Self” by Jon Björk “An Ordinary Day” by Deskant “A King’s Ransom” by Bonnie Grace “As the Bird Sings” by Deskant “Sea Adventures” by Bonnie Grace (All via EpidemicSound) 0:00 - Intro 1:31 - History of the theory 4:22 - How language families are put together 9:15 - (Theorized) history of the Indo-European languages Correction: 7:50 - The Russian word actually comes from the same stem as the English 'mead', and those two words come from a Proto-Indo-European word referring to mead, while the Greek and Spanish words (although similar-sounding) evolved from a different PIE word, referring specifically to honey 📖 SOURCES: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_studies#History https://www.quora.com/How-did-people-find-out-Indo-European-languages-were-actually-one-family-of-languages – Answer by Brian Collins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMdhcpjNHLk Hayden, Deborah. "Language and Linguistics in Medieval Europe." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. April 26, 2017. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 3 Nov. 2024 https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-380 “Origins of Linguistics” Harold Schaffman, University of Pennsylvania https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/sars238/intro/discovery.html [1] Tashjean, John E. “INDO-EUROPEAN STUDIES AND THE SCIENCES OF MAN.” History of Political Thought, vol. 2, no. 3, 1981, pp. 447–67. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/30038039 [2] https://www.rogerblench.info/Archaeology/World/CH4-BLENCH.pdf [3] Lubotsky, Alexander. “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building.” The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia, ed. Victor H. Mair, Washington D.C. (Institute for the Study of Man Inc.) (1998): 379–390. https://www.academia.edu/598334/Tocharian_loan_words_in_Old_Chinese_chariots_chariot_gear_and_town_building 👕 MERCH! https://crowdmade.com/collections/khanubis CONTACT: [email protected] SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES: [email protected] 👥 DISCORD SERVER: https://discord.gg/4FZZJkXCGY THANK YOU, BRONZE AGE+ PATRONS! (https://www.patreon.com/khanubis) Bulcsú Farmasi, Nif Lindsay, TC Safavi, Tobi Burch-Rates Or make one-time donations at https://paypal.me/khanubis http://www.khanubis.tv