True Facts Animal Awards: Tangle Worms, Creepiest Dave & Much More

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Go to https://brilliant.org/zefrank to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. merch: https://ze-true-store.myshopify.com/ patreon: https://www.patreon.com/truefacts classical music: https://soundcloud.com/querflote/5-audio-track-1 sponsor music: https://incompetech.com/ Special Thanks To: Dr Patty Brennan,Mount Holyoke College Dr Harry Tuazon, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr Saad Bhamla, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr Vishal Patil, Stanford University Dr Jörn Dunkel, MIT CraterLakes Rainforest Cottages @CraterLakesCottages Overberg Renosterveld Conservation Trust Barry the Puffer, Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/barry_thepuffer/ Aaron Pomerantz: https://www.instagram.com/nextgenscientist/ Dr. Andreas Kay - @AndreasKay Aldridge DC, Brian JI, Ćmiel A, Lipińska A, Lopes-Lima M, Sousa R, Teixeira A, Zając K, Zając T. Fishing for hosts: Larval spurting by the endangered thick-shelled river mussel, Unio crassus. Ecology. 2023 May;104(5):e4026. doi: 10.1002/ecy.4026. Appel HM, Cocroft RB. Plants respond to leaf vibrations caused by insect herbivore chewing. Oecologia. 2014 Aug;175(4):1257-66. doi: 10.1007/s00442-014-2995-6. Epub 2014 Jul 2. Bond T, Mueller RJ, Birt MJ, Prince J, Miller K, Partridge JC, McLean DL. Mystery pufferfish create elaborate circular nests at mesophotic depths in Australia. J Fish Biol. 2020 Nov;97(5):1401-1407. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14506. Brennan PLR, Cowart JR, Orbach DN. Evidence of a functional clitoris in dolphins. Curr Biol. 2022 Jan 10;32(1):R24-R26. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.020. Bura, Veronica & Kawahara, Akito & Yack, Jayne. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Sonic Defences in Bombycoidea Caterpillars. Scientific Reports. 6. 31469. 10.1038/srep31469. Bura VL, Rohwer VG, Martin PR, Yack JE. Whistling in caterpillars (Amorpha juglandis, Bombycoidea): sound-producing mechanism and function. J Exp Biol. 2011 Jan 1;214(Pt 1):30-7. doi: 10.1242/jeb.046805. Kawase H, Kitajima Y, Iwai D. 3D model of the geometric nest structure, the "mystery circle," constructed by pufferfish. Sci Data. 2022 Jul 4;9(1):368. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01466-4. Kawase, Hiroshi & Okata, Yoji & Ito, Kimiaki & Ida, Akihiko. (2014). Spawning behavior and paternal egg care in a circular structure constructed by pufferfish, Torquigener albomaculosus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae). Bulletin of Marine Science. 91. 33-43. 10.5343/bms.2014.1055. Kawase H, Mizuuchi R, Shin H, Kitajima Y, Hosoda K, Shimizu M, Iwai D, Kondo S. Discovery of an Earliest-Stage “Mystery Circle” and Development of the Structure Constructed by Pufferfish, Torquigener albomaculosus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae). Fishes. 2017; 2(3):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes2030014 Kawase, H., Okata, Y. & Ito, K. Role of Huge Geometric Circular Structures in the Reproduction of a Marine Pufferfish. Sci Rep 3, 2106 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02106 Mizuuchi R, Kawase H, Shin H, Iwai D, Kondo S. Simple rules for construction of a geometric nest structure by pufferfish. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 17;8(1):12366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30857-0. Ozkan-Aydin Y, Goldman DI, Bhamla MS. Collective dynamics in entangled worm and robot blobs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Feb 9;118(6):e2010542118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010542118. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Apr 20;118(16) Patil, Vishal & Tuazon, Harry & Kaufman, Emily & Chakrabortty, Tuhin & Qin, David & Dunkel, Jörn & Bhamla, Saad. (2022). Ultrafast reversible self-assembly of living tangled matter. 10.48550/arXiv.2210.03384. Rosi-Denadai CA, Scallion ML, Merrett CG, Yack JE. Vocalization in caterpillars: a novel sound-producing mechanism for insects. J Exp Biol. 2018 Feb 26;221(Pt 4):jeb169466. doi: 10.1242/jeb.169466. Tahan V, Tran KD, Yousef MA, Dailey FE, Uraz S. An Unusual Finding of a Ladybug on Screening Colonoscopy. ACG Case Rep J. 2019 Aug 15;6(8):e00174. doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000174. Erratum in: ACG Case Rep J. 2019 Oct 17;6(10):e00270. PMID: 31737711; Taylor CJ, Yack JE. Hearing in caterpillars of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). J Exp Biol. 2019 Nov 21;222(Pt 22):jeb211862. doi: 10.1242/jeb.211862.