ملکه بی‌حجاب، شاه مدرن و کشوری که نپذیرفت [داستان امان الله خان در افغانستان]

The Gate of History December 15, 2025
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در این ویدئو به سراغ یکی از بحث‌برانگیزترین و در عین حال کمتر شناخته‌شده‌ترین چهره‌های تاریخ معاصر افغانستان می‌رویم: امان‌الله خان؛ پادشاهی که هم‌زمان لقب «قهرمان استقلال» و «شاه ناکام اصلاحات» را با خود حمل می‌کند. شخصیتی که نام او حتی پس از گذشت نزدیک به یک قرن، هنوز جامعه افغانستان و منطقه را دوپاره می‌کند؛ عده‌ای او را پیشرو، شجاع و آینده‌نگر می‌دانند و عده‌ای دیگر او را متهم به غرب‌زدگی، شتاب‌زدگی و بی‌توجهی به بافت سنتی جامعه می‌کنند. داستان این ویدئو از مقایسه سه رهبر آغاز می‌شود: رضا شاه در ایران، مصطفی کمال آتاتورک در ترکیه و امان‌الله خان در افغانستان. هر سه رویای مدرن‌سازی کشورهایشان را در سر داشتند، اما مسیر و سرنوشت آن‌ها به‌شدت متفاوت شد. درباره رضا شاه و آتاتورک بسیار شنیده‌ایم؛ اما امان‌الله خان، با وجود نقش تعیین‌کننده‌اش در تاریخ افغانستان، کمتر به‌صورت دقیق و تحلیلی روایت شده است. این ویدئو تلاشی است برای پر کردن همین خلأ. در بخش اول، به سفر تاریخی و کم‌سابقه امان‌الله خان و ملکه ثریا به اروپا می‌پردازیم؛ سفری شش تا هفت‌ماهه در سال‌های پایانی دهه ۱۹۲۰ که برای نخستین بار یک پادشاه افغانستان را رودرروی جهان مدرن قرار داد. از مصر و ایتالیا و فرانسه گرفته تا آلمان، بریتانیا، شوروی، ترکیه و ایران، امان‌الله با رهبران بزرگ زمانه خود دیدار کرد، از کارخانه‌ها، دانشگاه‌ها، ارتش‌های مدرن و زیرساخت‌های صنعتی بازدید کرد و با نظمی مواجه شد که افغانستانِ آن روز هیچ شباهتی به آن نداشت. این سفر فقط یک تور دیپلماتیک نبود؛ مواجهه‌ای مستقیم با «آینده» بود. در ادامه، نشان می‌دهیم که این سفر چگونه ذهنیت امان‌الله خان را شکل داد و چرا او پس از بازگشت، تصمیم گرفت اصلاحاتی بسیار گسترده، عمیق و سریع را در افغانستان اجرا کند. از تدوین نخستین قانون اساسی افغانستان و ایجاد نظام قضایی مدرن گرفته تا اصلاحات اقتصادی، حذف سیستم تهاتری، چاپ اسکناس، متوازن‌سازی بودجه، تأسیس نهاد مبارزه با فساد و سرمایه‌گذاری سنگین روی آموزش. همچنین به اصلاحات اجتماعی و فرهنگی می‌پردازیم؛ از آموزش اجباری و مدارس دخترانه گرفته تا نقش فعال ملکه ثریا در فضای عمومی و تلاش برای تغییر جایگاه زنان در جامعه. اما این ویدئو صرفاً روایت یک پروژه مدرن‌سازی نیست؛ بلکه تلاشی است برای فهم چرایی شکست آن. توضیح می‌دهیم که چرا جامعه افغانستانِ دهه ۱۹۲۰ آمادگی پذیرش این حجم از تغییر را نداشت، چگونه قبایل، روحانیون، نخبگان سنتی و حتی بخشی از مردم عادی به تدریج در برابر حکومت قرار گرفتند و چگونه اصلاحات امان‌الله از «امید به آینده» به «ترس از آینده» تبدیل شد. در این مسیر، به نقش شایعات مذهبی، ائتلاف قدرت‌های سنتی، شورش‌های قبیله‌ای و نهایتاً سقوط حکومت امان‌الله خان می‌پردازیم. بخش پایانی ویدئو به زندگی امان‌الله پس از سقوط، تبعید او در اروپا، مرگش در زوریخ و همچنین نقش کلیدی محمود طرزی – پدر فکری اصلاحات – اختصاص دارد. این‌جا با یک پرسش اساسی روبه‌رو می‌شویم: آیا مشکل اصلی امان‌الله خان، غرب‌زدگی بود یا شتاب‌زدگی؟ آیا او رهبر زمانه‌اش نبود، یا جامعه‌اش هنوز برای او آماده نشده بود؟ این ویدئو نه در پی قهرمان‌سازی است و نه تخریب؛ بلکه تلاش می‌کند با نگاهی تاریخی و تحلیلی، یکی از پیچیده‌ترین فصل‌های تاریخ افغانستان را روایت کند. اگر به تاریخ معاصر، پروژه‌های مدرن‌سازی در خاورمیانه و شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌های مسیر ایران، ترکیه و افغانستان علاقه‌مند هستید، این ویدئو برای شماست. نظر شما چیست؟ امان‌الله خان یک اصلاح‌طلب جلوتر از زمان خود بود یا پادشاهی عجول که واقعیت جامعه‌اش را دست‌کم گرفت؟ دیدگاه خود را در بخش نظرات با ما در میان بگذارید اگه دوست داشتید می‌تونید مارو به اندازه یک جلد کتاب مهمون کنید: https://hamibash.com/HistoryGate Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZcHwkoZK_2nd8mAD15Is2Q/join همکاران ما در این قسمت: نویسنده: حمید تدوینگر: ابوالفضل عسگرزاده 0:00​ - امان الله خان، رضا شاه و آتاتورک 02:25​ - سفر امان الله شاه به اروپا 08:10​ - دیدار امان الله شاه با آتاتورک و رضا شاه 12:13​ - تاریخ افغانستان در زمان امان الله شاه 13:40 - استقلال افغانستان و امان الله شاه 16:26 - اصلاحات امان الله شاه 19:22 - اصلاحات اقتصادی امان الله شاه 23:00 - چکیده اصلاحات و اثرات آن‌ها 28:01 - گروه‌های مخالف امان الله شاه 33:01 - حبیب‌الله کلکانی و مخالفان امان الله شاه 35:03 - محمود طرزی و تاثیر او بر امان الله شاه منابع: 1-Reform and rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919-1929 - Leon B.Poullada 2-Introduction to Ghazi Amanullah Khan’s Administrative and Economic Reforms - Amin Stanikzai, Fateh Gul Shinwari , Toryalai Hemat 3-برای بخش مسیر سفرهای شاه: https://www.andrewgrantham.co.uk/afghanistan/railways/king-amanullahs-travels/ 3- A reflection on the failure of the first renovation process in afghanistan ( a socialogical analysis of shah Amanullah khans failed modernization efforts in Afghanistan) - Sayed Mohamad Firozi #دروازه_تاریخ #تاریخ #کانال_تاریخ #کانال_تاریخی #HistoryGate آدرس وبسایت: https://www.historygate.ir آدرس کانال تلگرام: https://t.me/theGateOfHistory آدرس اینستاگرام: https://www.instagram.com/historygateir/ آدرس فیس بوک: https://www.facebook.com/historygateir/ We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

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