من أنقذ برلين من حصار السوفييت؟

سياسة لس February 16, 2024
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في يونيو 1948 فرض الاتحاد السوفييتي حصارا على غرب برلين لتجويع السكان والضغط على أميركا وبريطانيا وفرنسا للانسحاب منها لماذا؟ وكيف كُسر الحصار؟ . #سياسة_لس #منصة_أكثر كيف حاصر الاتحاد السوفييتي برلين وجوعها وعزلها عن العالم؟ ومن أنقذها وكيف؟ بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية قسم الحلفاء ألمانيا المهزومة لأربعة أجزاء محتلة الشرق للسوفييت والغرب لأميركا وبريطانيا وفرنسا ..كانت برلين تقع في قلب الجزء السوفييتي وبدورها قسمت لقسمين: الشرقي للسوفييت والغربي لأميركا وبريطانيا وفرنسا وأدار الحكم فيها بدءا من يونيو 1945 قوات مشتركة عرفت بـKommandatura .. بعد عامين قرر الأميركيون والبريطانيون "توحيد" جزئيهما ببرلين ثم انضمت لهما فرنسا وفي عام 1948 أصدرت الدول الثلاث عملة موحدة "دويتش مارك" للتعامل بها خطوة اعتبرها السوفييت تهديدا لقيمة عملة "الرايخ" في الشرق ودفعة لتقوية الجزء الرأسمالي الغربي ضد الجزء الاشتراكي تحت حكم الاتحاد السوفييتي فانسحب السوفييت منKommandatura وضربوا الحصار على برلين لتجويع السكان وأعلنوا يوم 24 من يونيو 1948 إغلاق الطريق السريع بين غرب ألمانيا وبرلين وأغلقوا كل الطرق بين شرق ألمانيا وغربها ومنعوا حمولات السفن ورحلات السكك الحديدية والتجارة من دخول غرب برلين كل هذا لإجبار أميركا وبريطانيا وفرنسا على إلغاء العملة أو الانسحاب تماما بالمقابل أعلنها الرئيس الأميركي هاري ترومان صراحة "نحن باقون.. ونقطة" وقتها خيار المواجهة العسكرية لم يكن مطروحا لأنه قد يؤدي لحرب نووية وكان الحل: عملية إمداد أطلق عليها اسم Operation VITTLES هندسها الجنرال Lemay من قوات سلاح الجو الأميركي لنقل احتياجات مليوني ألماني عبر جسر جوي والتي قدرت يوميا بـ 2000 طن فحم و1500 طن من الطعام ولكن .. لم يكن سلاح الطيران يملك ما يكفي من الطائرات لنقل نصف هذه الكميات https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjZms4xA3EQ 2:55 وبدأت بعض الأصوات تتصاعد برمي الحمل على السوفييت بدلا من رمي الطعام على الألمان "حرفيا" لكن أميركا وجدت الحل في مضاعفة الرحلات وتصدرت العملية الإعلامين العالمي والأميركي الذي مجدها لأنه حسب وصف المؤرخين أجبر الطيارين أخيرا على ترك راحة المكاتب والعودة للطيران .. العملية جلبت القلق للسوفييت ففي يوم واحد وصل عدد رحلات الإغاثة لـ 1398 أسقطت 12940 طنا من المواد .. أعلى رقم قياسي لعملية إمداد جوي دون حادثة واحدة في التاريخ سياسيا كان الحصار قرارا انقلب على السوفييت لأنه سوأ صورة الاتحاد السوفييتي أمام العالم كعدو بلا رحمة وأدى لنشأة دولة ألمانيا الغربية ..يوم الثاني عشر من مايو 1949 اجتمع السوفييت مع أميركا وبريطانيا وفرنسا ليعلن الاتحاد السوفييتي إنهاء الحصار تابع صفحات سياسة لس على باقي القنوات: انستغرام: https://www.instagram.com/politicsless/ تويتر: https://twitter.com/politicsless فيسبوك: https://www.facebook.com/PoliticsLess/

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