동학농민운동과 청일전쟁

KBS 히스토리 July 12, 2019
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KBS 히스토리

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'KBS 히스토리'는 KBS에서 방송된 모든 역사 콘텐츠를 모아놓은 KBS의 공식 채널입니다. 2018년 12월 채널명 'KBS 역사 한방'으로 출발, 'KBS 역사저널 그날'을 거쳐 2025년 12월 8일 'KBS 히스토리'로 명칭을 변경했습니다.

Video Description

‘KBS 다큐1 광복70년 기획 한반도 운명의 격전 1편, 동아시아 뒤집히다-청일전쟁’ 최초공개. 드라마 ‘녹두꽃’에서 다루는 동학농민혁명이 절정을 향하고 있습니다. 지난주와 이번주에는 우금티 전투와 동학농민운동 지도자들의 처절한 저항이 방송됐습니다. 동학농민전쟁과 청일전쟁이 일본의 승리로 끝나며 동아시아의 국제질서는 근본적으로 뒤집힙니다. 동아시아 최강국이던 청나라는 몰락하고 일본이 새로운 강자로 부상합니다. 동학농민운동의 시작과 결말, 그리고 청일전쟁과의 연관성을 다룬 다큐멘터리 ‘KBS 다큐1 광복70년 기획 한반도 운명의 격전 1편, 동아시아 뒤집히다-청일전쟁’을 영상클립과 함께 공개합니다. ▪ 동학, 봉기하다 1894년 전북 고부, 전봉준의 주도로 동학군이 봉기한다. 봉기의 목적은 보국안민. 외세의 침략으로부터 조선을 지키고, 조선 왕조의 부정부패를 바로잡는 것이다. 동학군은 파죽지세로 전주성까지 진입한다. 이에 위협을 느낀 조선 정부는 청에게 원군을 요청한다. 청군이 조선에 들어오자 일본도 거류민 보호를 목적으로 조선에 진출한다. 일본, 중국, 조선의 동학군. 대치된 세 국가의 운명은 어떻게 될 것인가. ▪ 청일전쟁은 경복궁에서 시작됐다! 1894년 7월 23일, 일본군은 경복궁을 습격한다. 조선의 궁궐수비대가 먼저 일본군에게 공격을 한 것으로 알려져 있지만, 사실 일본의 치밀한 계획에 의한 도발이었다. 일청전사 초안에는 경복궁 습격 사건의 전개 과정이 자세히 나와 있다. 일본은 청나라와 개전하려는 명분을 얻고자 했다. 경복궁을 습격하여 조선정부로부터 청군을 조선의 영토 밖으로 쫓아내 달라는 부탁을 받아내는 데 성공한 일본. 드디어 청일전쟁 시작의 구실이 생긴 것이다. ▪ 예상치 못한 일본의 압승! 전쟁은 해전으로 시작됐다. 아산 앞 풍도에서 일본함대가 청의 함대를 침몰시키며 일본은 승리를 거둔다. 안성천에서의 첫 육상전투와 이어지는 평양전투에서도 일본은 대승을 거둔다. 누구도 예상하지 못한 압승이었다. 이후 압록강 하구에서 청나라 북양함대와 일본의 연합함대가 맞붙는다. 황해해전, 전 세계 해군이 주목한 세계최초의 근대식 해전이었다. 전쟁이 끝난 후, 일본 연합함대의 진형과 전술을 전 세계 해군이 참고하게 된다. 이제 중국 대륙도 황해해전의 승리로 제해권을 장악한 일본의 영향력 아래 놓이게 된 것이다. ▪ 청일전쟁은 한청일 전쟁이다! 일본이 승승장구하던 그 때, 동학군이 다시 봉기한다. 일본이 경복궁을 점령하고 전쟁을 벌인 것이 동학군의 재봉기 원인이었다. 수만 명의 동학군들은 공주 우금치에서 일본군과 전투를 벌이게 된다. 우금치를 돌파하면 공주를 지나 서울로 진입할 수 있었던 것이다. 일본군의 수는 불과 200명이었지만, 동학군은 처참하게 패배한다. 죽창과 화승총으로 무장한 동학군은 일본군의 신식 무기를 당해낼 수가 없었다. 우금치 전투 이후 일본군은 동학군을 학살하기에 이른다. 학살된 동학군은 5만 명이 넘는 것으로 추정된다. 일본에는 청일전쟁이 한청일전쟁으로 기록되어 있던 문서도 있다. 이유는 무엇일까? ▪ 청일전쟁과 조선의 독립? 청일전쟁 직후, 시모노세키에서 청나라와 일본은 강화조약을 맺는다. 이 조약의 1조가 명시하고 있는 것은 바로 조선은 완전한 자주독립국이라는 것이다. 조선은 원래 그 누구의 식민지도 아니었다. 왜 청나라와 일본과의 전쟁에서 조선독립이 쟁점이 된 것일까? 일본은 조선에 대한 청의 영향력을 완전히 배제하고자 했다. 독립이 아닌 독립이었다. 청나라로부터 조선을 떼어놓은 일본은 한반도에 대한 영향력을 확대한다. 청일전쟁으로 자신감을 얻은 일본은 1945년 항복을 선언하기 전까지 한반도와 아시아를 무대로 50년 전쟁을 벌이게 된다.

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