心臟醫生會客室 | 通波仔術後護理 放支架不是一勞永逸?通波仔後三高+吸煙=高危翻塞 | 主持:⼼臟科專科 羅君健醫⽣ 嘉賓:⼼臟科專科 江振昌醫⽣
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⼼臟醫⽣會客室是⼀個關於⼼臟疾病的專題節⽬,以分享⼼臟疾病的因由和解答觀眾對⼼臟疾病的疑問為主要。 主持:⼼臟科專科 羅君健醫⽣ 嘉賓:⼼臟科專科 江振昌醫⽣ 通波仔術後護理指南 引言 通波仔(經皮冠狀動脈介入治療,PCI)是治療冠心病的常見手術,常涉及放置支架維持血管通暢。基於心臟科醫生羅君健與江振昌的討論,本文探討手術演變、術後風險及護理重點。許多患者誤以為手術後一勞永逸,但需持續服藥與管理風險因素,降低再狹窄或併發症風險。 通波仔與支架演變 手術起源於 1977 年,最初僅用球囊擴張術撐開狹窄血管、壓扁斑塊(膽固醇積聚), 改善血流,而非移除斑塊。早期再狹窄率高達 30-40%,因血管回彈、撕裂或內壁增生。 為改善,引入裸金屬支架,再狹窄率降至 20%;後演進藥物塗層支架(抑制增生),降至 10% 以下。現今多用藥物塗層支架,品牌差異小,主要依血管大小、長度選擇。 術後風險與影響因素 術後可有急性血栓(血管撕裂引發,數小時內阻塞)或慢性再狹窄(內壁增生)。影響 因素包括: 病人因素:吸煙、三高(高血壓、高血糖、高膽固醇)控制差,風險高。 手術因素:緊急手術(如心肌梗塞)再狹窄率高;多支架、長血管或分叉處亦增風險。 血管因素:鈣化嚴重使支架擴張不足。徵狀復發不一定支架問題,可能其他血管惡化。 術後藥物治療 需服用雙重抗血小板藥(如阿士匹林加另一種),防支架血栓。持續時間:簡單病例 6-12 個月;複雜(如多支架)至少 1 年。未遵醫囑易致急性心臟事件。副作用為出血風險, 特殊情況(如需外科手術)可縮短至 1 個月,停一種藥保留阿士匹林。心臟科與外科醫 生需評估順序,確保安全。 先進技術預防再狹窄 現代工具提升精準度:血管內超聲波(IVUS)或光學相干斷層掃描(OCT)直接觀察 血管,確保支架擴張,降低再狹窄率。多用於非緊急手術。對鈣化斑塊,用旋磨術刨除 或衝擊波球囊震碎,助血管打開。 術後監察與生活建議 無固定指引定期檢查,主要依徵狀判斷。基本:量血壓、驗血控三高、戒煙、均衡飲食。 建議適量中強度運動作為自我壓力測試,若心絞痛出現求醫。高風險者考慮功能性測試 (如血流評估),CT 準確度有限。 總結 通波仔有效但非永久解決,從球囊到藥物支架演變降低風險,但術後需嚴控三高、戒煙、 服藥,並留意徵狀。先進技術如 IVUS 助優化效果。患者合作醫生,維持健康生活,可 大幅減再手術機率,提升質素。若疑慮,及早諮詢。 #通波仔 #支架 #球囊擴張術 #裸金屬支架 #藥物塗層支架 #新一代支架 #血管內壁超聲波 #IVUS #光干涉 #OCT #旋磨 #衝擊波球囊 #Shockwave #影劑 #再狹窄 #翻塞 #血栓 #血塊凝固 #回彈#elasticrecoil #內膜增生 #血管受傷 #撕裂 #急性血管閉塞 #併發症 #鈣化 #斑塊 #膽固醇 #脂肪 #動脈粥樣硬化 #心肌梗塞 #急性心臟病發 #抗血小板藥 #雙重抗血小板藥 #阿士匹靈 #心臟術後問題 #控制三高 #戒煙 #壓力測試 #監察症狀 #量血壓 #心絞痛 #症狀復發 #功能性測試 #電腦掃描 #血管分叉 #左冠狀動脈主幹 #血管惡化 #血流量 #心臟檢查 #冠心病 #外科手術#心臟醫生會客室 #心臟科醫生 #香港心臟專科中心 #羅君健醫生 #江振昌醫生
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