Civilisations of the Amazon Rainforest

Video Description

Simply put, we are living in the most exciting possible period there has ever been for discovering what was in the Amazon before Europeans arrived. According to the researchers, it is now hard to dispute that Amazonia was home to ‘dense and complex societies’ that practiced earthmoving, soil enrichment and animal ecology that significantly raised the productivity of the environment. So much of the pre-Columbian life of the Amazon remains unknown. But the story of the Ama-zonians is more complex than we thought, and ever year we untangle it just a little bit more. What other surprises is it going to throw at us? https://buymeacoffee.com/lostincontext Sources (for the Amazon series) - John Hemming, Tree of Rivers: The Story of the Amazon, 2008 - Chris Feliciano Arnold, The Third Bank of the River, 2018 - Charles C. Mann, 1491: The Americas Before Columbus, 2005 - Charles C. Mann, 1493: How the Ecological Collision of Europe and the Americas Gave Rise to the Modern World, 2011 - McNeill, J. R, Mosquito Empires; Ecology and War in the Greater Carribbean, 2010 - Grandin, Greg- Fordlandia, 2009 Other - ‘A Whole New World’, Razib Khan, Substack, 2021 - The Economist - ‘A New History of the First Peoples in the Americas’, Adam Rutherford The Atlantic, 2017 - ‘The Amazon Rainforest Was Profoundly Changed by Ancient Humans’, Robinson Meyer, The Atlantic, 2017 - ‘The ancient people who reshaped the Amazon’, Shafik Meghji, BBC Travel, 2022 - ‘Amazon Jungle Once Home to Millions More Than Previously Thought’, Erin Blakemore, Na-tional Geographic, 2018 - ‘Pre-Columbian earth-builders settled along the entire southern rim of the Amazon’, de Souza et al, Nature Communications, 2018 - ‘Lost Ancient Society Found in Amazon Rainforest’, Luke Taylor, Discover, 2022 - ‘These Amazonian Villages Were Laid Out Like Clock Faces’, Livia Gershon, Smithsonian Maga-zine, 2020 - ‘Lost Cities of the Amazon Discovered From the Air’, Brian Handwerk, Smithsonian Magazine, 2022 - FREIRE, José R. Bessa. “Da ‘fala boa’ ao português na Amazônia brasileira”. Amerindia. Revue d’Ethnolinguistique Amerindienne, Paris, 1983, 8, pp. 39-83 - ‘Scientists Have Discovered a 600-Mile Coral Reef’, Robinson Meyer, The Atlantic, April 21st 2016 - ‘More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia’, Vinicius Peripato et al, Science, 5th October 2023 - ‘Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America’, Pavel Flegontov et al, Nature, 5th June 2019 - ‘Pre-Columbian earth-builders settled along the entire southern rim of the Amazon’, de Souza et al, Nature Communications, 27 March 2018 - ‘'Sistine Chapel of the ancients' rock art discovered in remote Amazon forest’, Dalya Alberge, The Guardian, 29th November 2020 - Ehrenpreis JE, Ehrenpreis ED. ‘A Historical Perspective of Healthcare Disparity and Infectious Disease in the Native American Population’. Am J Med Sci. 2022 Apr; 363(4):288-294. - Bryan Harris, ‘Brazil’s indigenous tribes suffer new degradations at hands of illegal miners’, Fi-nancial Times, May 27th, 2022 - Associated Press, ‘Brazil launches high-risk expedition to protect isolated tribe’, The Guardian, 7th March 2019 - Sarah Brown, ‘Organized crime drives violence and deforestation in the Amazon, study shows’, Mongabay, 1st August 2022 - 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Brazil, BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR, US Department of State - Sachs, Ignacy, 'Growth and Poverty: Some Lessons from Brazil', in Jean Drèze, and Amartya Sen (eds), The Political Economy of Hunger: Volume 3: Endemic Hunger (Oxford, 1991; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Jan. 2008) 00:00 Intro 01:05 The Rainforest 06:47 Paraná do Mamori 18:24 What we know and don't 25:42 New Discoveries