客家人是誰?誰是客家人?【大歷史講堂】第26集

蔡正元官方頻道 June 9, 2022
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公元311年西晉爆發永嘉之亂,洛陽被匈奴毀滅,洛陽至開封一帶的漢族逃亡南遷,有部分聚居在江西南部贛州,產生以客家話形成的族群,是歷史上的第一批客家先民。875年唐朝末年爆發王仙芝及黃巢事件,整整亂了十年。907年唐朝被朱全忠滅亡。漢族居民為躲避戰亂和飢荒,逃難進入贛南,再越過武夷山進入福建汀州。這些漢族難民即是第二批客家先民。福建汀州寧化縣的石壁村與江西贛州石城縣相鄰,因此被視為是客家先民進入福建、廣東的門戶,稱「客家祖地」。 1126年北宋爆發靖康事變,滿洲女真人的金國軍隊攻入開封,北宋滅亡。被稱為「客家」的漢族難民湧入贛州、汀州、漳州,原住居民「畲族」被迫遷移閩粵贛的丘陵,也與客家族群混居,是第三批客家先民。南宋末年,宋元兩軍在廣東潮州、梅州爆發激烈戰爭,加上疫癘流行,幾乎成為廢墟荒野。直到元末明初,江西贛州、福建汀州及漳州的客家人大舉遷入人口稀少的潮州、梅州、揭陽、惠州地區,形成台灣的客家原鄉。1692年清軍解編後,客籍士兵未返鄉,留在屏東萬丹鄉濫濫庄墾殖。1698年邱永鎬退役後,在台南三郊行擔任會計,並獲得資金前往開墾並建設屏東水圳,是客家墾台第一人。

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