How 20th Century Science Got Bilingualism Dead Wrong

Video Description

Bilingualism is now celebrated as a superpower, but only 100 years ago, scientists and educators considered it a "mental defect" that needed to be corrected. I narrate the chain of events that led to the current understanding of bilingualism. Join ♣️ The Linguist List ♣️ to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWPmflIzM_mpBWGTVMGevxg/join [Timeline] [01:01] First IQ Test: Stanford-Binet [02:38] The Welsh "Problem" [03:49] Welsh-English Bilingual "Intelligence" Study (Sae) [08:49] Reaction to Saer Study [09:23] Draw-a-Man "Intelligence" Test [11:38] Peal & Lambert 1962 Study (BIG) [15:09] Recent research on bilingualism [16:18] Rebuttal to Peal & Lambert (1962) [17:52] My Personal Thoughts on Bilingualism [19:52] Some Positive News NOTE: I'm using a new camera for this video, so apologies in advance for the lighting issues. Believe it or not, this is the 2nd recording of this video, because the first recording was unusable (I did not figure out how to use the camera. Still working on it, apparently). [Resources] I will try my best to list them all, but there's a lot! - Blackwell School History: https://www.npca.org/articles/2673-the-complicated-history-at-one-of-america-s-segregated-schools - Voice Recording from NPR StoryCorps: https://www.npr.org/2017/10/20/558739863/the-day-a-texas-school-held-a-funeral-for-the-spanish-language - Welsh Not History: https://www.felinfach.com/pages/welsh-not-welsh-knot?srsltid=AfmBOopXWSDYzxhXZXZKm3CIm8v0g1dQKCFR6N_RHF9qIbVB_fxHIoOu - Saer (1923) Study on Welsh Children: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1926-07251-001 - Goodenough (1926) Study on Intelligence in Children based on Race: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1927-01381-001 - Goodenough (1926) Book: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.268362 - Peal & Lambert (1962) Study on Montreal Children: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-17952-001 - Bialystok et al. (2022) Study (Response to Peal & Lambert 1962): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35467916/ - Study on Bilinguals with Delayed Dementia (2011): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21060095/ - Study on Bilinguals with "Larger Hippocampi" (2024): https://www.concordia.ca/news/stories/2024/10/22/bilingualism-may-maintain-protection-against-alzheimers-new-concordia-study-finds.html SAY HI! Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/julesytooshoes