Come FUNZIONA una FUNIVIA? Tutti i SEGRETI che non avete MAI visto

Automoto.it September 21, 2025
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La funivia di Kurzras–Grawand, in Val Senales, è un impianto che rappresenta uno degli esempi più estremi e affascinanti di ingegneria alpina. Costruita originariamente negli anni Settanta per collegare la valle con il ghiacciaio e consentire lo sci estivo, oggi è stata rinnovata con una tecnologia d’avanguardia firmata Doppelmayr e si impone come caso di studio per le soluzioni adottate in un ambiente ad alta quota e fortemente ostile. In poco più di cinque minuti supera un dislivello di oltre 1.200 metri, raggiungendo i 3.212 metri sul livello del mare con una linea lunga 2,1 chilometri e pendenze che toccano quasi il 98%. La portata è di 800 persone l’ora grazie a due cabine da 80 posti ciascuna, che viaggiano fino a 36 km/h, offrendo un’esperienza tanto spettacolare per i passeggeri quanto impegnativa dal punto di vista tecnico. La linea è sostenuta da un unico, imponente pilone intermedio, un traliccio di 54 metri piantato nel permafrost e ancorato a profondità elevate con carotaggi e cavi cementati nella roccia. La sua stabilità è vitale per resistere a forze costanti e variabili dovute non solo al peso delle cabine ma anche a condizioni meteorologiche estreme e ai movimenti del terreno glaciale. Il sistema delle funi è altrettanto impressionante: le portanti, del diametro di 54 millimetri, fungono da binari per i carrelli delle cabine, mentre la fune traente, di 40 millimetri e oltre 26 tonnellate di peso, le trascina in continuo movimento. La tensione è mantenuta da enormi contrappesi: 163 tonnellate per ogni coppia di funi portanti e 92 tonnellate per la traente, blocchi sospesi in pozzi profondi fino a trenta metri che garantiscono costanza e compensano ogni variazione di carico o posizione delle cabine. La trazione è affidata a due motori elettrici da 350 kW ciascuno, per una potenza complessiva di 700 kW, collegati a riduttori a tre stadi a bagno d’olio e stabilizzati da grandi volani. Il dimensionamento dell’impianto tiene conto di carichi superiori di 4,5 volte rispetto al massimo previsto, con cabine che a pieno riempimento arrivano a 14 tonnellate. Il bilanciamento tra le cabine e i contrappesi consente inoltre di sfruttare la frenata rigenerativa: nelle fasi di discesa a pieno carico i motori diventano generatori e reimmettono energia nella rete, trasformando il consumo in produzione elettrica. La sicurezza è garantita da una ridondanza capillare. Otto freni pneumatici negativi intervengono automaticamente in caso di perdita di pressione o anomalia, mentre quattro motori idraulici di emergenza sono collegati a una corona dentata sugli argani per muovere le cabine anche in assenza di energia elettrica. A supporto, due gruppi elettrogeni diesel FPT da 660 kVA ciascuno sono pronti ad alimentare l’intero impianto in caso di blackout, e in ultima istanza un sistema di soccorso dedicato, una sorta di “funivia parallela in miniatura” con carrelli e cestello, garantisce l’evacuazione dei passeggeri. Le nuove cabine panoramiche, più spaziose e confortevoli pur mantenendo la stessa capacità, introducono soluzioni di comfort inusuali a queste quote: il pavimento si riscalda automaticamente quando la cabina si ferma in stazione, le superfici vetrate ampliano la visibilità e il tetto può aprirsi in modalità cabriolet. Nella sala macchine si trovano i motori, i riduttori e i sistemi idraulici, mentre il cervello dell’impianto è nella sala di comando, dove pulpiti manuali e digitali consentono di avviare o arrestare l’impianto, controllare velocità e posizionamento, monitorare vento, contrappesi e fulminazioni atmosferiche in tempo reale. La gestione elettronica è affidata a sistemi sviluppati in Italia, con inverter e componentistica della vicentina Funitec e gruppi elettrogeni realizzati da Visa, a conferma di come questo impianto coniughi tecnologia globale e know-how nazionale. La funivia di Kurzras–Grawand non è solo un’infrastruttura turistica, ma un vero laboratorio di ingegneria applicata alle condizioni più difficili: un’opera capace di unire meccanica, elettronica ed energia in un sistema ridondante e sicuro, concepito per funzionare con continuità in un ambiente che non perdona errori. Un simbolo di come la tecnologia a fune possa affrontare le sfide dell’alta montagna e indicare nuove strade per la mobilità anche oltre i confini delle Alpi. Riprese: Alessandro Di Rosa, Leonardo Mannoli Drone: Emanuele Brambilla Montaggio: Niccolò Franzosi Autore: Matteo Valenti Visita il nostro sito: www.automoto.it Iscriviti al canale: https://www.youtube.com/user/redazioneautomoto Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AutoMoto.it Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/automoto_it/?hl=it Twitter: https://twitter.com/Automoto_it TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@automotoit Whatsapp: https://bit.ly/47CNr3k

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